Causes of Stress free essay sample

Stress can be a positive thing helping a person to develop, create, be animated and make a move. In any case, if stress surpasses a person’s capacity to adapt it can affect on their psychological and physical wellbeing in a scope of ways. Some exploration contemplates gauge up to 66% of diseases seen by GPs are pressure related. In the times of the mountain man, stress regularly came as physical dangers that necessary people to respond rapidly and definitively. The body assisted via consequently clicking into high apparatus whenever there's any hint of difficulty, discharging a flood of hormones (strikingly adrenaline and cortisol) to quicken the pulse, raise circulatory strain, increment glucose, and upgrade the brain’s utilization of glucose. This pressure reaction implied the stone age man was in a split second prepared to battle or escape. Current anxieties are bound to be mental in starting point and drawn out in nature (business related pressure, budgetary concerns, between close to home connections, interminable sicknesses). We will compose a custom exposition test on Reasons for Stress or then again any comparable theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page However, they can even now set off the body’s caution system and the related hormone flood. Over-introduction to those pressure hormones can, thus, have a scope of effects on the body’s frameworks cerebrum, cardiovascular, invulnerable, stomach related, etc. Individuals manage worry in various manners and the ability to manage pressure changes all through life. The individuals who have created compelling procedures to manage everyday stressors are less inclined to create physical and mental side effects. Creating procedures to manage pressure can forestall or lessen its belongings. There are numerous ways to deal with overseeing, diminishing or adapting to pressure. These incorporate exercise, dietary changes, unwinding, stress the executives courses, directing and meds. Exercise and Diet and exercise can assume a significant job in the alleviation of stress. Eat a decent eating routine and maintain a strategic distance from nourishments that may build strain eg: espresso, tea, and food sources high in sugar. Exercise assists with discharging developed pressure and builds wellness (see Healthy heart work out). This, thus, expands the body’s capacity to manage pressure and assists with keeping away from the harm to our wellbeing that delayed pressure can cause. It is suggested that activity be embraced at any rate three times each week to be of most advantage. On the off chance that you are not used to work out, talk about this with a specialist preceding beginning an activity program. Unwinding Relaxation is a powerful method to help diminish muscle strain related with pressure. There are a wide range of unwinding strategies eg: yoga, contemplation, rub. A few people find that just taking â€Å"time out† during the day or after an unpleasant circumstance is adequate to decrease feelings of anxiety. There are increasingly formalized unwinding strategies accessible eg: Jacobson’s Progressive Relaxation Technique, The Mitchell Method and mesmerizing. Counsel a specialist or network asset gathering (eg: Citizen’s Advice Bureau) to discover what administrations are accessible. A nearby library may likewise have the option to suggest reasonable books on this point. Stress the board courses Stress the executives courses empower people to create systems to adapt to life and stress all the more adequately. Most courses instruct aptitudes that empower the person to perceive current stressors and methods to successfully manage these. Abilities, for example, time the executives, objective setting, decisive correspondence, critical thinking, overseeing change and unwinding strategies might be instructed. Guiding Discussing worries with a fair-minded individual may help with perceiving stressors and choosing methodologies to manage them. This doesn't really should be an expert advisor however might be a confided in relative, companion or associate. Frequently the way toward talking about a worry is sufficient to lighten the pressure it is causing. Requesting help ought not be viewed as an indication of shortcoming. Realizing when to request help might be one of the progressions fundamental so as to manage pressure all the more suitably. Elective treatments Some individuals discover treatments, for example, needle therapy, homeopathy, natural medication and fragrant healing successful in both forestalling and easing pressure. Meds In extreme instances of pressure, prescription might be recommended to treat a portion of the side effects brought about by pressure. Drug should just be considered as a transient treatment and ought to be carefully observed by the endorsing specialist.

Keydy Vasquez Cerrato Essays (483 words) - , Term Papers

Keydy Vasquez Cerrato Mr. Parker U.S History January 23, 2017 World War 1 DBQ Essay Our thought process won't be vengeance or the triumphant affirmation of the physical may of the country, however just the vindication of right, of which we are just a solitary boss. (Wilson) the First World War was one of the most damaging and deadliest wars ever. A few nations took an interest in the war. At the point when the se significant European countries did battle in 1914, most of Americans needed nothing to do with the furious war. In April 2, 1917, Woodrow Wilson approached Congress for a decla proportion of war to make the world alright for vote based system. However, there is sti ll warmed and discussed contention going on: Could America's association in World War One been dodged by Wilson? There are a few reasons why President Wilson couldn't abstain from getting America include in WW1. The Germans assaulted vessels holding Americans regular people. America was compromised by German and the partners would have lost. For the initial scarcely any long stretches of WW1, America made a point to avoid the way. Anyway when the German's assaulted and obliterated the Lusitania and different boats, conveying American regular citizen . Many were in a state of chaos about the passings and realized something must be done to stop the Germans. The German guaranteed that they would not sink unarmed traveler ships all of a sudden, in any case, twice they guaranteed, and didn't keep it. Americans felt that on the off chance that these killings were to proceed, at that point the US would need to intercede. In January of 1917, Germany was experiencing flexibly deficiencies do to blo ckades making a move. Germany had their outside Minister Arthur Zimmerman send a message to Mexico, expressing that if the U.S. proclaimed war on Germany, that Mexico ought to do likewise to the U.S. the tele gram was captured and given to American specialists. Albeit most pioneers accepted that Mexico would do battle, Americans were stunned with the distribution of the message and needed to enter the war. At the point when the war broke out in the late spring of 1914, it resembled some other war. Anyway when Germany began its battle of unlimited submarine fighting, plainly Germany and its partners argued for help from America. Without America sending in new soldiers and military supplies to the French and The British, The Allies would more than likely have fallen and be heavily influenced by Germany. Taking everything into account, American association in World War 1 couldn't have been evaded by President Wilson. All these occasion lead to America being engaged with the World War. The Lusitania, the Zimmerman Note and the Allies all occurred, and regardless of how diligently America attempted to not get included, it in the long run occurred and they just got trapped seemingly out of the blue.

How Stereotypes About Drug Use Harm the Gay Community

How Stereotypes About Drug Use Harm the Gay Community Addiction Drug Use Print How Stereotypes About Drug Use Harm the Gay Community By Elizabeth Hartney, BSc., MSc., MA, PhD Elizabeth Hartney, BSc, MSc, MA, PhD is a psychologist, professor, and Director of the Centre for Health Leadership and Research at Royal Roads University, Canada. Learn about our editorial policy Elizabeth Hartney, BSc., MSc., MA, PhD Updated on September 25, 2019 Image Source/Getty Images More in Addiction Drug Use Cocaine Heroin Marijuana Meth Ecstasy/MDMA Hallucinogens Opioids Prescription Medications Alcohol Use Addictive Behaviors Nicotine Use Coping and Recovery There is a  stereotype  that gay men use recreational drugs. While research tells us that  sexual minorities, including gay men, may be more likely to use drugs, and at higher risk for substance use problems and  addictions, the truth is that many gay men do not use drugs. For example, statistics showing that a third of gay men use drugs also indicate that twice as many do not. Most of the focus of research into substance use in sexual minorities has been with gay men, largely because of concerns about HIV in the gay community. Research has shown that some gay men engage in the dangerous  party and play  activities, during which substance use, and particularly the use of crystal  meth, has been combined with unsafe sex, including sex with multiple partners. Yet research has also shown that one of many  myths about gay meth use  is that these activities are common among gay men â€" in reality, only a minority of gay men take meth and have unsafe sex. Sources of Misinformation in the Gay Community So where do these myths come from? There are several possible sources of this misinformation. One source of the misinformation is research bias.  Studies of drug use among gay men may recruit samples of men who are not representative of the full population of gay men, but instead, subpopulations of drug-using gay men.  While it does appear that subcultures of gay men do engage in recreational drug use, those who do not may not be identified by researchers, particularly if they are well integrated into the mainstream community. In fact, when studies are carefully reviewed, there is not a consistent message that gay men use drugs more than straight or bisexual men.  In fact, it seems that while bisexual young people are more likely to use drugs than other sexual identity groups, gay young men are not necessarily more likely than straight men to use drugs, particularly alcohol. Another source of the stereotype could reflect gay men when they are new to the gay scene, who are isolated, and reach out to other gay men through gay dating sites and gay bars, simply because it is the easiest way to meet peers and potential partners.  The focus of these settings may be casual sex and even  PnP, which can seem to be the norm.  This doesnt reflect non-sexual relationships with other gay men who are not engaging in these activities, which can take time to develop. The stereotype can also be reinforced deliberately and used to take advantage of the naivety of young, less experienced gay men.  Some unscrupulous drug dealers  take advantage of young, naive gay men by selling them drugs apply  peer pressure  by implying that drug use is what all gay men are doing, rather than that they are exploiting a young man to do something unwise or unusual. Another place these myths come from is die-hard homophobes.  Homophobia may be conscious or unconscious, but some very harmful attitudes towards gay men emerged in the 1980s, and for some people, have not disappeared.  These attitudes can include the belief that gay men are more likely to both use drugs and to engage in compulsive sex than heterosexuals. The Reality In reality, drug use and sex addiction can occur in men or women, and in both heterosexuals and sexual minorities.  Although party and play are typically used to describe gay drug-fuelled sex, in fact, the practice of taking drugs prior to casual sex is common among sex workers, who have to cope with a variety of stressors, including having sex with people they are not attracted to.  And the phenomenon of heterosexuals getting  intoxicated  and even  front-loading  before engaging in casual sex is so common as to be considered normal in many communities, particularly among younger people.

The Prevalence Of Smoking Is A Large Impact On The Past...

In Ukraine, the prevalence of smoking has been a large impact on the past and current citizens of the country. The social determinants as stated before has a greater effect on the percentage of individuals that are smoking. Men whose social positions have deteriorated over the last 5 years are more likely to start smoking compared to those who have not been. Women who live in urban areas are more likely to start smoking rather than those in rural areas and women who have been previously married. Although in Ukraine, it is a male dominant society, it was concluded that maternal hardships and unemployment is more likely to increase the likelihood of smoking. Many argue that tobacco supply should be denied to everyone to avoid discriminating between different groups. As Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the country’s highest obtainable communicable diseases, There are no specific determinants in acquiring TB. This means that an individual of any age, gender, race, or ethnicity can acquire TB. However, based on socioeconomic status, individuals have a higher risk through poverty, being elderly, being homeless, and also foreign-born people who have lots of contact with individuals with TB. Those with medical conditions that weaken the immune system are also more likely to develop the disease. Individuals between the ages of 19 and 60 are also more susceptible to being infected with TB. Gender or race discrimination does not impact the health problems associated with Tuberculosis, butShow MoreRelatedCigarette Smoking and the Healthcare System in France Essay3089 Words   |  13 PagesIntroduction Cigarette smoking represents a huge burden for healthcare systems in any country. Ms Kristina Mauer-Stender, Program Manager for Tobacco Control in WHO Regional Office for Europe stated that tobacco use is not a choice: â€Å"It is a powerful addiction. The true choice is between tobacco and health†. 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I believe that shedding light on the ways that pornography effects human beings, we will feel differently about the â€Å"freedom of speech.† In the 1960’s and 1970’s, debates over pornography mirrored the counter-culture’s battle with conservativeRead MoreConsumer Lifestyle in Singapore35714 Words   |  143 PagesEuromonitor International December 2012 CONSUMER LIFESTYLES IN SINGAPORE Passport I LIST OF CONTENTS AND TABLES Consumer Habits in Context......................................................................................................... 1 Current Behaviour Within the Broader Economic Climate ........................................................ 1 Consumer Confidence .............................................................................................................. 2 Misery IndexRead MorePublic Policy Essay3740 Words   |  15 Pagesstudy of policy making by governments. 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In a span of approximately 25 years, the presence of narcotics and illegal drugs was unheardRead MoreUAE Consumer Lifestyle Analysis42818 Words   |  172 PagesTweenagers 7 Teens 8 Twenty-somethings 10 Thirty-somethings 10 Middle-aged Adults 11 Older Population 12 Table 1 Consumer Segmentation: 2005-2009 12 Table 2 Consumer Segmentation: 2010-2020 13 People 13 Population 13 Marital Status 14 Town Or Country 15 Table 3 Population by Age: 2005-2009 15 Table 4 Population by Age: 2010-2020 16 Table 5 Male Population by Age: 2005-2009 16 Table 6 Male Population by Age: 2010-2020 16 Table 7 Female Population by Age: 2005-2009 16 Table 8 Female Population

Watchdog Journalism Is An Ideal Impossible - 1812 Words

TOPIC 3: MANY JOURNALISTS BELIEVE THAT THEIR ROLE IS TO HOLD POWERFUL SOCIAL ACTORS TO ACCOUNT AND TO ACT AS A WATCHDOG AGAINST THE ABUSE POWER. IS THIS REALISTIC? Although many journalists consider as a major duty to denounce the violation of the citizens’ rights by acting like watchdogs, more and more authors think watchdog journalism is an ideal impossible to reach, worst, a meaningless concept concealing trade rules by elites and capitalism. Watchdog journalism is defined as a â€Å"form of journalism that seeks to hold public institutions accountable by tracking and investigating their activities. Seen as the opposite to lapdog journalism, watchdog journalism draws from aspirations that journalism acts as a surrogate for the public in that it has a critical role to play in keeping the public sphere vibrant and the body politic healthy. Keeping a close watch on political, economic and other public institutions is an important way to achieve those ideals.† (Keywords in News and Journalism Studies, Barbie Zelizer and Stuart Allan, 2010, UK, p170). This is embodied in the traditional idea of a ‘fourth estate’, historically accredited to Edmund Burke and which make reference to the three traditional powers we can find in a democracy and describe by Montesquieu in The Spirit of the Laws (1748): the executive power, the legislative power and the judiciary power. Like this, the Medias, and more particularly journalists would be the fourth estate of the democracy, aShow MoreRelated The Importance Of The Press Essays2570 Words   |  11 Pagestoleration and freedom of the press.quot;2 It was the deprivation of these principles, by the monarchical leaders, which led to discontent among the people of France. Above all, liberalism stresses the primacy of individual rights. One can see that these ideals were at the forefront of French revolutionary thought by examining the Declaration of rights, which in 1789 stated that, quot;All men are equal by nature,quot; and brought republican concepts such as liberty, equality and fraternity into awarenessRead MoreEssay about The Media During the Tiananmen Square Protests2628 Words   |  11 Pages When it comes to domestic issues, Chinese journalism has traditionally shown a restraint bordering on toadyism. The media faithfully report whatever happen to be the current government line, but the Communist Party has charted a zigzag course through the years, and its direction still continues to change.† (72) Unlike many Western forms of media, government-based media is used still as propaganda for the government, instead of watchdogs examining the government. By providing propagandaRead MoreImpact Of Television On The Western Europe2221 Words   |  9 Pagespeople who gained the freedom of words to express their thoughts. Televisions were involved in politics in the Post-Communist Czech Republic. Before, and during the Communism era, television stations were strictly controlled by the government. It was impossible for those people who were considered to dissent and fight against the Communism ideology to show up in the public media. However, in November of 1989, Czechoslovakia’s Communist regime had come to its end; the staffs working for televisions wereRead MoreAnti Corruption Watchdog Transparency International Ranks The National Perception Of Corruption2507 Words   |  11 Pagesaid and investment. Corruption is rampant in India, as it has taken a prevalent role of Indian politics and bureaucracy. Corruption in India has been one of the most interesting and discussed problems in modern political history. Anti-corruption watchdog Transparency International ranks the national perception of corruption in India to be 85th in the world out of 175 positions, indicating that India’s governance is corrupt and isn’t accountable to its citizens. There is a plethora of factors encouragingRead MoreThesis on Print Media16077 Words   |  65 Pagesexperience the same effects. Muccigrosso’s findings provide the potential for legislators to be influenced by other forms of media, including newspapers. Leff, Protess and Brooks found this to be true in their third analysis of how investigative journalism influenced the public and policymakers’ perception of police officers (Leff, Protess and Brooks 301). While their study restricted media influence to a specific topic—police brutality—it serves as a useful reference for this study. It also providesRead MoreGp Essay Mainpoints24643 Words   |  99 PagesAhmadinejad. †¢ When the media has so many other motives, it can hardly be relied on to provide reliable information. The individual, on the other hand, has less hidden agendas. Mainstream GOOD: Use professional journalists (compared to citizen journalism) – content quality †¢ Citizen journalist â€Å"on-the ground† reports vs. professional whose sole purpose is to uncover each and every piece of information related to the news article they are writing †¢ Wider and deeper coverage †¢ Connections

The Pros and Cons of Affirmative Action Free Essays

The concept of affirmative action is found in a speech by President Kennedy when he was referring to the government’s responsibility to ensure that affirmative action was taken with regard to equal employment opportunities for individuals regardless of race, creed, color, or national origin. It is interesting that although President Kennedy pioneered the concept of affirmative action, it was President Lyndon Johnson who first applied this concept by taking steps to equalize the presence of individuals in government positions. President Johnson outlined that it was not enough to say that equal employment opportunities existed; it was the government’s responsibility to ensure that the positions not only existed, but were being filled by minorities in a commitment to cultural diversity. We will write a custom essay sample on The Pros and Cons of Affirmative Action or any similar topic only for you Order Now Directives were put into place as part of this process that not only banned discrimination, but also offered incentives to government contractors who employed a culturally-diverse workforce. Some of the pros of affirmative action, therefore, include increased opportunities for cultural minority groups, such as legislation that strongly urged employers to select minority candidates and contractors (given that they met qualifying criteria) Numerous research studies have been conducted regarding the glass ceiling for women, as well as attempts to determine percentages of cultural identity in the white-collar professional positions (for example). Such studies have identified that there are more Caucasian males in positions of authority at a majority of companies. To rectify this, many agencies established affirmative action plans that were intended to encourage minority applicants, and thus enlarge the pool of qualified applicants from which to draw for available positions. The downside to this, however, was that the legislation that was designed to encourage minority employment fostered the discrimination it sought to eradicate. To weight any individual’s application due to demographic information (as cultural information is) results in basic discrimination. One cannot have both options available; either no-one is favored, or everyone is favored. To have two qualified individuals, and then to choose one based upon his or her cultural identity is at its heart discriminatory. At what point are professionals free to choose the best person for the job, without knowing the individual’s cultural identity? In the ideal world, individuals would be interviewed by telephone or by e-mail in such a way as to reveal no identifying information. This would enable the employer to make a decision solely upon an individual’s qualifications and experience for the position, as opposed to fulfilling a criterion for minority employees. This is not, however, practical at this point in time, and so employment rests in the hands of companies who have an ethical obligation to be equitable, if for no other reason. Weighting a decision based upon cultural identity only applies if there is no opportunity for a variety of individuals to apply for a given position. The issue remains, however, that the individuals still need to be qualified for a position. Unfortunately, for whatever reason, there are differing degrees of qualification. No one appreciates being a token employee, yet that is the standard that affirmative action laws have succeeded in achieving. It is ironic that anti-discrimination laws are themselves discriminatory. The concept of fairness and equity for all individuals, then, should apply regardless of cultural identity—not because the company has no racial representation. Even the act of gathering cultural information is discriminatory because that information is being used to discriminate against other well-qualified individuals. All professionals who hire new employees must consider how they can meet equity in employment without discrimination. How to cite The Pros and Cons of Affirmative Action, Essay examples

Major Trends affecting IBM Australia

Organizations that embrace the needs of a changing environment are more open to the fact that they can react fast to their opportunities and threats. This is why it is normally said that a single external factor will most of the times affect all business aspects within its sector and line of operation.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Major Trends affecting IBM Australia specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More But should the management decide that they need to change by perceiving the needs of these external effects, they will outdo the competition and surely come out on top. IBM is a computer manufacturing company that has undergone some changes in its quest to be the leading computer company (IBM n. d). IBM has strived in all aspects to be a major household name but their efforts fall short in a number of ways. Major factors that influence IBM in Australia are environmental and technological. These are referred to as contingency factors. When structuring in Australia, IBM needed to design itself in a way that it would accommodate external and internal factors. This is clearly seen under IBM where the parent company exercised strong control by deploying decentralization in decision making and electing managers who are nationals from the parent’s headquarters. Normally most managers are nationals of the host country. IBM came up with a form of management commonly referred to as geocentric management. The IBM organizational structure is normally in a cosmopolitan with minimum concentration of decision making or employees not bound by geographical location or race. Business and society are closely related to each other (Jain, Trehan Trehan 2009). IBM Australia was affected by a number of external trends. Most of these comprised of pressure for globalization, environmental uncertainty, integration and differentiation, competitors, customers, regulatory agencies, human resource markets, cultur al influences and physical resources. It is almost impossible for an organization to explore the aspects of its environment fully. External environment of a business is the area of the business environment outside the business which affects the growth and the existence of the business (Corry, 2003). When considering the external environment, the most important aspects are:Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Pressure for globalization: This is the pressure on the subsidiary companies to work together in a bid to integrate and connect economically, socially and politically across various geographical regions (Marcic Daft 2011). This was done in a bid to make the employees in these organizations and their countries become interdependent. Environmental uncertainty: This is another aspect that has affected IBM in that the company not in a position to predict the set of forces and conditions outside the organizational boundaries. These forces have played a great role in affecting the way IBM does its operations and has also shaped the organization’s behavior. The need for understanding the external environment is seen to be tied with uncertainty, which highlights that it should not only be understood for security but also to minimize the risk imposed by it (Fitzen 2009). The forces are also seen to change over time depending on the economic, social and political systems across countries, culture and geographical locations. Economics tends to emulate the concept defined as the production, distribution, and allocation of resources in a given geographical location. The organization is under the influence of the various regulatory guidelines that check various institutions. When operating in an economy which enjoys stability, an organization is able to thrive and withstand outside forces. If IBM engages in trade with countries that are not economically or politically stable, it will be engaging in a dangerous form of business in that it risks doing business without assurance of getting returns if at all there are any returns. Competitors: IBM was recognized as the world’s leading computer hardware manufacturer. They focused on hardware development and avoided the software development aspect. Due to this move, they were outshined by Microsoft’s entry into the software market and the coming in of other gadget manufacturing companies who had seen a raw market in the computer hardware. Some of these companies included Toshiba, HP, Apple Inc. and Mackintosh. IBM market share suffered a blow with the entry of new competitors, considering the fact that they had overlooked the software development aspect which by then was really booming and also helped catapult the Microsoft Corporation to being the world’s software giant developer.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Major Trends affecting IBM Austra lia specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This type of segmentation (concentrating on one line of production) made their competitive advantage decline. Advanced technology: In a bid to remain in business, IBM had to make machines which were compatible to the Microsoft software since Microsoft had already become a household name and almost all machines in the world were using Microsoft products. This made the IBM Corporation conform to its competitor’s tune thus seeming like they had some form of informal deal. However, by manufacturing machines which were not subjected to one form of software, IBM increased their sales and their revenue started improving. IBM also took to developing machines that were both productive and attractive to the eyes (IBM n.d). This was also a key feature that customers were looking for when buying machines. Corporate companies were offered discounts on large orders and this was seen as a comeback strategy for the IBM Corporation. By offering free samples and after sales services, IBM was sure on its way to regaining the top position. Relationships between trends and strategic approach Factors affecting the external environment may call for intervention by the management team. A clear understanding of these factors is not only vital for security purposes but also for minimizing risks that could have been brought about by the assumptions of these factors. Formulation of strategies to curb the effects of the external environment’s aspect is laid down. At this point, the two are merged: the effects of external aspects and the strategic approaches. IBM was keen to highlight the needs of the changing environment, their implications and reacted more quickly to the opportunities and threats. This is the first of strategy formulation. A single force or condition of an external event affects all the firms within that sector in equal measure (Gorshkov, 2005).Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More IBM realized this and reacted to the factors of the external environment and in turn came to the forefront in raising the flag of competitive advantage high. One of the elements of operational excellence is being always ahead of your competitors. IBM in its bid to perform never neglected this factor. Consideration should not only be given to the external events that form the external environment but also to the strategic approaches that go a long way in securing firms from risks and further alteration of the tasks, roles, relationships and organizational structure. Without strategies and goals, it is difficult to make proper decisions that lead to problem solving. Without a problem or a course of action, it is impossible to formulate strategies; therefore, there is a relationship between the factors of the external environment and the strategic approaches that have to be implemented with an intention of gaining competitive advantage. In a bid to restore its declining market share, I BM decided that it was time to restructure the organization. The management went into an in-depth planning and strategizing process where they identified and selected appropriate goals and courses of action. This kind of strategy was vital in attaining organizational goals and ensuring competitive advantage. The IBM incorporated a SWOT analysis, a planning exercise, where they identified their strengths and weakness inside the organization and opportunities and threats in the environment. Top managers at the corporate level made decisions that were in regard to the overall organizational structure and promoted deserving employees to management level in a bid to bring in new innovative ideas while showing their support for the employees. A plan of action to take advantage of favorable opportunities was incorporated hence the long term divisional goals made allowed for disintegration of the sales and marketing department into smaller sub-divisions in order to increase productivity and make it easy to monitor. A functional strategy was put in place to help managers of individual functions add value to IBM’s goods and services. Low cost strategy formulation helped in driving IBM’s total cost of their products down to a level lower than that of its rivals in a bid to restore their market share which was declining. The company restructured the entire sales and marketing department. This change in organizational structure made the company move from its present state towards some desired future state, in a bid to increase its efficiency and effectiveness. An effective sales and marketing department helped in customer retention and acquisition. A good foundation of customer intimacy helps outperform other organizations because it produces desired goods or services more efficiently and effectively than its competitors. The sales and marketing department was a vital organ in IBM’s corporate restructuring. The marketing department was in charge of cre ating new selling ideas and sourcing for new businesses both locally and internationally. The marketing department also had the task of enforcing the company’s brand and image. The marketing department was charged with the duties of conducting studies as to what the customers were looking for when they were buying computers. They extensively created awareness of the existing products and services thus creating a good rapport and customer relationships binding them together. The sales team was solely responsible for driving the company’s sales revenue up in a bid to maximize on the profits. Restructuring the sales and marketing department reinforced synergy. This encouraged team work which in turn enhanced performance, increased responsiveness to customers, increased innovation, motivation and customer satisfaction (building blocks of competitive advantage). These factors pooled together helped IBM gain a competitive advantage against its competitors, taking it a notch higher as it produced goods and services more efficiently and effectively. This strategic approach was able to counter the external forces and conditions curbing the threats and challenges that would have caused IBM’s poor market performance. IBM formed a product creation department that was solely responsible for looking into what the competition had brought into the market and creating something much better and more advanced than their competitors. A creative employee workforce is the key to innovation. Product differentiation is a business level strategy that IBM used to distinguish its products from those of its competitors in one or more dimensions. The overall change in design and quality of products made IBM better placed in the market. They also offered after sales service as a way of acquiring and retaining their customers. IBM’s management focused on outcomes that led to higher motivation and job satisfaction of the staff. Motivation is a key aspect as worker attitude towards managers plays a great role in the level of workers’ performance. A motivated and satisfied workforce known to yield better performance as compared to a coerced and demotivated workforce. The company established task and authority relationships that allowed people to work to achieve organizational goals. The overall job design led to appropriate division of labor resulting to an efficient and effective workforce. The people process was intense also in that they reconsidered when hiring new graduates and had a set a standard of the entry points. Managers engaged in activities to develop a pool of candidates to fill up the open vacancies. Employees were recruited on basis of their qualifications and potential to perform in line with the company’s standards. This special selection of qualified employees is an important strategic approach which IBM’s management used to ensure a rich and effective workforce. Impact on recruitment, selection, trainin g and development Recruitment is the process that managers in their given position engage in to develop a pool of candidates with an intention of filling up open positions (Marcic Daft 2011). Recruitment is vital as it gives qualified people an opportunity to serve and showcase their talent and creative nature in a professional manner. During the time employees perform and deliver, they are doing so in a bid to better the organization they are working for. Selection is the process that managers use or follow to determine the relative qualifications of job seekers or applicants and their potential for performing well in a particular job. This has seen the coming in of new graduates who have new, creative and innovative ideas. This is generally transformed into new products which are readily accepted and available in the market. Innovation is vital in ensuring competitive advantage. IBM realized this and entered into a session of recruiting and selecting based on the graduatesâ€℠¢ qualifications and potential to perform well in the jobs that were assigned to them. This increase in the employee base meant an increase in productivity, which led to increased revenue for the company. IBM had to pay more in terms of salary and wages but it was a sacrifice that was worth making. The IBM’s management had talked about not wanting to downsize the workforce but come up with strategies on how they could restructure without firing. This was supported by the services industry because whether there were sales made or not the service department had jobs because they did not only service the IBM machines but all computer machines in general. Training is a process where organizational members are taught to perform current jobs. They are coached and helped to acquire the knowledge and skills they need to be effective performers. Development compliments training as it involves building the knowledge and skills (acquired through training) of organizational members to en able them take on new responsibilities, challenges and threats. By training the new graduates, IBM was able to experience a revitalized system and they were on the track of competing on a level playing field. The new software and hardware engineers were very vital in determining the next phase of the organization. These were referred to as the â€Å"special ones† for they had new brilliant ideas which were very well embraced and received not only in the organization, but also in the market. Had IBM not specialized on one product, probably they would not have fallen in the kind of predicament they were in. Diversification was of great importance and the then CEO should have known that. The fact that they did not see the competition coming their way can be termed as sheer ignorance by the top management and complete lack of vision for the IBM organization. IBM management department engaged in the above activities to attract and retain employees, ensuring they performed at a hig h level thus contributing to the accomplishment of their goals postulated in its mission and vision statements. After a process of recruiting, selection, training and development, employees were evaluated on their job performance and contributions to the organization (performance appraisal). This process of evaluation helps to keep employees on their toes and ensure that they are ‘hands on’ at work (Daft 2008). In an effort to see positive development take place, change is inevitable. The external environment is highlighted as one of the key elements that influence the day-to-day running of a firm’s operation. It is therefore important to understand this kind of environment so as to minimize the risks, challenges and threats offered by uncertainty created by the external environment. Strategic approaches have to be put in place in cases where implications of this kind of environment occur (Kaswethappa 2010). Changes in the three factors that affect the structure of a country; economic-dependent issues, socially-influenced factors and a politically-determined environment have to be monitored as they play a key role in creating changes in the external environment. The management team was essential in coming up with new structural changes which involved people, process and also technology. This was in turn boosted by the rate at which technology was growing thus an increase in demand for computers. It is however almost impossible for IBM to have the controlling market share that they once enjoyed. This is due to the bad decisions made by the management that was there before the changes were implemented. Also a competitive pension package was one of the motivating things that were introduced in a bid to make the employees feel that they were appreciated. When it came to lying off staff, the old were settled their dues first for it was more difficult for them to get jobs elsewhere compared to the young vibrant generation that had opted to resign in a bid to join the competition and make quick bucks instead. IBM is still a company to reckon with and a force in the IT industry and even though they have suffered a minor setback, they still are as strong as ever. Many graduates dream of working there in a bid to sharpen their skills and learn more from a world class recognized corporation (IBM 2011). Every company’s policy is in many ways affected by its environment because the accomplishment of its objectives depends largely on the degree of interaction of the enterprise and its environment (Saleem, 2006). IBM Australia has therefore been affected by its environment in its operations in Australia as has been describe above. List of References Corry, C. (2003), Becoming emotionally intelligent. Stafford: Network Educational Press. Daft, R. L. (2008), New era of management, second edition. Mason, OH: Thomson Higher Education. Fitzen, L. (2009), Marketing environment: what factors â€Å"internal â€Å"to an organisation can have an influence on the way it perceives and responds to its external. Germany, GRIN Verlag: Norderstedt. Gorshkov, V. G. (2005) Biotic regulation of the environment. Russia: Petersbough Nuclear Institution. IBM. (2011), About IBM. IBM.COM. [Online] Available at: https://www.ibm.com/au-en/about IBM. (n.d.), IMB products. IBM.COM. [Online] Available at: https://www.ibm.com/au-en/about Jain, T. R. Trehan, M. and Trehan, R. (2009), Business environment, second edition. New Delhi: V.K Enterprises. Kaswethappa, G. K. (2010), Management concepts practice and cases. New Delhi: Tata McGraw Hill. Marcic, D. Daft, R. L. (2011), Understanding management. Cengage Learning. Saleem, S. (2006), Business environment. India: Doring Kindersley. This report on Major Trends affecting IBM Australia was written and submitted by user Travis Golden to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.